Analysing the circular economy implementation in the European countries

This is a comprehensive study on registered good practices, strategies, extent of commitments of European circular economy stakeholder platform, and circular economy implementation in European countries. Good practices, strategies and commitments are mapped against circular economy principles and indicators. Further, the study gives a detailed analysis of European countries, key areas, scope, and stakeholders involved in implementing circular economy. Furthermore, in terms of the stakeholders' involvement in implementing circular economy initiatives, the focus has primarily been on European cities that are in turn primarily governed by businesses. Notably, based on our analysis, we note that the most resourceful country is the Netherlands; and its dominant area of the circular economy includes waste management. Herein, the main principle is recycling, followed by reuse, repair, and remanufacturing. The study would be helpful for European countries in implementing circular economy principles.