The metal aluminium (Al) is a well-documented neurotoxin and has been known to exacerbate excitotoxicity within the human nervous system. This present research is aimed and intended at assessing the neuroprotective effect of eugenol (EG) against the toxic effects of aluminium chloride (AlCl3) in vivo using Wistar rats as a study model. 20 adult Wistar rats were randomly assorted or divided into 4 groups, and each group contains 5 animals. This study was conducted for a duration of 21 days. On day 22 (24 h after the last administration), rats were compassionately sacrificed with 0.8 mg/kg ketamine as anaesthesia. Thereafter brain tissue was removed for immunohistochemistry and various biochemical estimations which included antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), intra-mitochondrial accumulation of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), pro/anti-apoptotic proteins Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3, endogenous enzymatic activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), immunohistochemistry of acetylcholine using acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase-1 (ACAT-1) within the cornu Ammonis-1 (CA1) region of the hippocampus and cognitive ability using novel object recognition test (NOR). Result obtained revealed a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes, a reduction in pro-apoptotic protein levels upon oral administration of EG. The results obtained show EG as a promising prospect with regards to neurotoxicity as a result of aluminium chloride (AC) toxicity.
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Mesole et al. (2021) studied this question.
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