The Impact of Power Output During Percutaneous Catheter Radiofrequency Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation on Efficacy and Safety Outcomes: A Systematic Review

INTRODUCTION: Percutaneous catheter radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been widely used to treat patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Success rates are, however, variable and optimal levels of power used and duration of power delivery have not been fully established. Different ablation centers continue to use various power protocols. We undertook a comprehensive systematic review to evaluate the impact of power output during RFA for AF on efficacy and safety. METHODS AND RESULTS: We systematically searched MEDLINE and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases for studies on power output during percutaneous RFA for AF. The marked heterogeneous nature of the studies prohibited a meta-analysis. The main findings were (1) power output of ≤30 watts (W) has good safety profiles but low efficacy rates; (2) power output of >30 W-<45 W is safe with good efficacy; (3) power output of ≥ 45 W has a better efficacy profile but associated with a high risk of complications; (4) delivery of higher power of ≥ 45 W at shorter duration (15-20 seconds) is safe and efficacious; and (5) energy titration with visualization of microbubbles by intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) has better efficacy and safety profiles compared to RFA without ICE. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the overall reduced quality data relating power to outcomes of RFA for AF, the optimal power output showing good efficacy and safety profiles appears generically to be >30 W-<45 W, with significant variation in the literature.