Development and Biological Evaluation of Aronia melanocarpa Extract-Loaded Gelatin–Collagen Nanofibers on B16F10 Cell

Background: Aronia melanocarpa is a sustainable source of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins with antioxidant and biological activities; however, the instability of these compounds limits their application. This study aimed to develop gelatin–collagen electrospun nanofibers loaded with Aronia melanocarpa extract (AME) to improve phytochemical stability. Methods: AME-loaded nanofibers were produced by electrospinning and evaluated for their physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial effects, antiproliferative potential, and molecular interactions with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Results: AME incorporation increased the viscosity from 0.66 to 1.54 Pa·s and the fiber diameter from 0.39 to 0.84 μm while reducing the contact angle from 39.71° to 28.83°. The total phenolic content increased from 19.365 to 48.775 mg GAE/g, and the antioxidant capacity increased from 2.852 to 7.880 mg TE/g. At 500 μg/mL, AME reduced the maximum growth rate of S. aureus from 0.227 to 0.121 OD600/h and prolonged the lag phase, indicating a 53% bacteriostatic effect. While Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (Cy3G) was the dominant anthocyanin, cyanidin showed the highest retention rate after electrospinning, and cyanidin-3-rutinoside demonstrated strong interaction with EGFR (−9.0 kcal/mol). Conclusions: AME-loaded nanofibers are potential sustainable products for health applications.