Self-Determination Theory in the Social Acceptance of Sustainable Energies and Technologies: A Comprehensive Review

The transition toward sustainable energy systems is not only a technological and economic challenge but also a social one, with public acceptance playing a decisive role in the success of sustainability transitions. While traditional technology acceptance models primarily emphasize cognitive and utilitarian determinants, increasing attention has been directed toward underlying motivational processes. Self-Determination Theory (SDT) provides a valuable framework for understanding how autonomous and controlled motivation shape attitudes and behaviours toward sustainable energy technologies. This systematic review synthesizes empirical and theoretical research on the application of SDT in the context of social acceptance within this domain. Following PRISMA guidelines, studies published between January 2000 and April 2026 were identified through searches of Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar, with 34 eligible studies included in the thematic analysis. The findings from many of the reviewed studies suggest that autonomous motivation, supported by the satisfaction of autonomy, competence, and relatedness needs, is associated with greater technology acceptance, trust, engagement, and long-term behavioural support. In contrast, controlled motivation is more often associated with resistance, weak internalisation, or short-term compliance. The review further highlights the important moderating role of contextual factors, including policy design, communication strategies, trust, and socio-cultural environments. By integrating SDT into sustainable technology acceptance research, this review advances motivation-based perspectives on sustainability transitions and provides practical implications for policymakers, technology developers, and communication practitioners seeking to foster enduring public engagement with sustainable innovations.