Defines a new type of verb pairs and examines their significance in Hindi-Urdu grammar.
Grammatical and linguistic accounts of Hindi-Urdu identify two general types of partially reduplicating verbs: echoics and synonymics. This paper defines and explores a third type: partially reduplicating rising or falling linked verb pairs composed of morphologically and/or semantically related verbs that differ in transitivity grade by one or more degree. One member of such pairs is vocal, controlling alignment, vector choice, auxiliation, and meaning. It signifies. The other member is mute or silent. The paper describes the alternating pattern of signifying and silencing that informs this type and provides copious attestations to support recognizing it as an established feature of Hindi-Urdu grammar.
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Peter Edwin Hook (2026) studied this question.
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