SN 1054, Gravitational Waves, and Climate Change

This paper explores the possible connection between gravitational waves from the SN 1054 supernova and climate anomalies recorded on Earth in the late 13th century. While electromagnetic radiation from the explosion reached Earth in 1054 AD, gravitational waves generated by a magnetic monopole ejected during the event would have arrived centuries later due to relativistic effects. Using a model in which gravitational waves are produced by a monopole spinning about its own axis, the paper estimates the arrival time of these waves to be between 222 and 246 years after 1054 AD. The paper compares this predicted arrival window with paleoclimate evidence documenting major climate anomalies between 1275 and 1300 AD, including the Great Drought in Western North America, early Little Ice Age cooling in the North Atlantic, climate instability in Central Asia, and monsoon weakening in East and Southeast Asia. Using the relationship l = Nl₁ for gravitational wavelengths coupled to Earth, the paper calculates gravitational wave energies between 82 and 91 keV for N = 222–246. These energies correspond to millions of quanta of 0.0083 eV — the amount required to drive phase transitions between water vapor, liquid water, and ice. The paper argues that the arrival of such gravitational waves could have induced widespread phase transitions in Earth’s tropospheric water system, contributing to the onset of climate change events recorded in the late 13th century.