Pathogen profiles and antimicrobial resistance in mastitis cases from Algerian dairy she-camels in semi-intensive production.

exhibited high rates of resistance to tetracycline (72.7%; 95% CI: 39.0-94.0) and ampicillin (54.5%; 95% CI: 23.4-83.3), highlighting concerns about the efficacy of empirical treatment and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in this production context. These findings underscore the need for systematic udder health monitoring, evidence-based antimicrobial stewardship and improved biosecurity on semi-intensive camel dairy farms. This study contributes to the understanding of the microbial landscape and resistance profiles in camel dairy production, with implications for animal productivity, milk safety and public health within a One Health framework.