Functional imaging of the embryonic pacemaking and cardiac conduction system over the past 150 years: Technologies to overcome the challenges

Embryonic pacemaking and cardiac conduction system (including transgenic mouse lines)

Functional imaging techniques (intracellular and extracellular microelectrodes, echocardiography, rapid optical imaging using fluorescent dyes, optical coherence tomography)

Functional emergence and anatomic pathways of the embryonic cardiac conduction systemsurrogate