Granulomas of lupus vulgaris were characterized by a raised CD4+/CD8+ ratio, while in scrofuloderma this was significantly decreased. Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis showed intermediate changes. These immunological variations suggest that cutaneous tuberculosis forms a spectrum with strong cell-mediated immunity seen in lupus vulgaris, and weaker cell-mediated responses in scrofuloderma; tuberculosis verrucosa cutis is intermediate between the two.
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Sehgal et al. (1993) studied this question.
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