Robust design method for highly efficient beam-shaping diffractive optical elements using an iterative-Fourier-transform algorithm with soft operations

Beam-shaping diffractive optical elements give a desired intensity distribution in the diffraction plane over areas much larger than the diffraction limited spot size. Such elements can be designed using geometrical optics methods or iterative-Fourier-transform algorithms (IFTAs). The usefulness of geometrical optics methods is considerably limited for two reasons: first the number of cases for which a solution exists is small and second the design solution, if it exists, often does not work in practice. Then IFTAs can be used. They are applicable for any desired intensity distribution in the diffraction plane with any intensity cross-section of the incident beam. The IFTA presented in this paper uses a novel set of operations that introduce a minimum disturbance of the fields while still leading to an improved performance. This makes the method robust, insensitive to stagnation and capable of iteratively distributing an increasing portion of the light in the diffraction plane into the desired areas thus leading to a high efficiency (∼95%). Three design examples are given and one is also tested experimentally.