Optimized Resource Management for PV–Fuel-Cell-Based Microgrids Using Load Characterizations

Maintaining a reliable and cost-effective operation in microgrids has a significant importance. One factor required for optimal operation of the microgrid is to keep a certain energy reserve without unnecessary cost to satisfy load variations. In this paper, an optimal reserve assessment of photovoltaic- and fuel cell-based microgrids is investigated while considering reliability and economic aspects. A typical residential load is predicted to introduce an optimal power sharing approach, and accordingly, to achieve reliable and cost-effective system operation. Load sharing between sources in microgrids affects the cost and also the source's ability in responding to load variations. A nonlinear frequency droop scheme is then used as a tool to achieve the optimization objectives such that the operating cost is minimized without jeopardizing the microgrid's ability of responding to sudden load variations. Presented results confirm the validity of the power sharing approach and verify its effectiveness and feasibility.