A new plan for extended paediatric HIV testing is needed in Africa

Since 2016, WHO recommends that mother-to-child HIV transmission should be prevented by means of lifelong treatment with antiretrovirals (ARVs) for all pregnant HIV-infected women, exclusive breastfeeding during the first 6 months, and unrestricted duration of breastfeeding.1 Despite roll-out of this recommendation worldwide, an estimated 180 000 new paediatric infections occurred in 2017.2 This estimation supposedly accounts for the whole duration of HIV transmission, but is likely to be underestimated for several reasons.