* I owe my broad interest in this subject to conversations with Sukhomoy Chakravarty and Mrinal Datta Chaudhuri. In writing this paper I have benefited from the comments of H. Leung, Jean-Phillipe Platteau and Nick Stern, and from seminars at the London School of Economics, the University of Warwick and the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton. I am indebted to Steven Lukes for a very stimulating conversation and also for acquainting me with Vaclav Havel's manuscript. This paper was written while I was a visitor at the University of Warwick.
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Kaushik Basu (1986) studied this question.
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