A series of cryptands has been prepared and they demonstrate the relationship between oxidative stability of aqueous EuII and ligand properties (see figure). One of these EuII complexes is more stable than FeII in hemoglobin and appears to be the most oxidatively-stable aqueous EuII species known. The high stability of EuII is expected to enable the use of the unique magnetic and optical properties of this ion in vivo.
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Gamage et al. (2010) studied this question.
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