Green Chemistry Practices and Environmental Sustainability: A Quantitative Assessment of Pollution Reduction Outcomes

Environmental pollution remains a persistent global concern driven by unsustainable industrial and chemical practices. This study examines the relationship between green chemistry practices and environmental sustainability using a quantitative approach. A cross-sectional correlational design was adopted, with data obtained from 162 professionals across chemical industries, laboratories, and environmental agencies. Green chemistry practices were measured through waste minimisation, renewable feedstock utilisation, energy efficiency, and safer solvent adoption, while environmental sustainability was assessed using indicators of air quality, water quality, and soil integrity. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression techniques. The results indicate a strong positive association between green chemistry practices and environmental sustainability (r = 0.73, p < 0.05). The regression model shows that green chemistry practices account for 61% of the variation in environmental sustainability (R² = 0.61, p < 0.05), with energy efficiency emerging as the most influential predictor. Waste minimisation, renewable feedstocks, and safer solvents also contributed positively. The findings provide empirical support for Pollution Prevention Theory and Circular Economy Theory, highlighting the value of proactive and resource-conscious approaches in environmental management. The study recommends the integration of green chemistry principles into industrial processes and policy frameworks to support sustainable development.