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A choline phosphate (CP) modified surface is designed to resist protein adsorption due to its zwitterionic properties and simultaneously promote cell adhesion though its universal interaction with phosphate choline (PC) headgroups of the cell membrane. This work provides a new approach to obtain a cell-adhesive surface with a non-biofouling 'background', which has a potential for tissue engineering.
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Chen et al. (2014) studied this question.
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