Key result
Water hardness shows only a weak association with Scottish coronary mortality, failing to explain regional variations.
Observational
Yes
Scotland has a mortality rate from coronary disease which is one of the highest in the world. There is also a considerable variation in this mortality rate within Scotland. Data on water hardness throughout Scotland have been collected from Regional Water Authorities to see whether variations in coronary mortality rates can be explained by variations in water hardness. Analysis demonstrates a much weaker negative association than has been demonstrated in studies in other countries. The geographical variation in coronary mortality rates in Scotland cannot be explained by variations in water hardness, and weak association between these in Scotland is discussed.
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Smith et al. (1987) conducted an observational in Coronary heart disease. Water hardness was evaluated on Coronary disease mortality rate. Water hardness in Scotland showed a much weaker negative association with coronary mortality rates than in other countries, failing to explain geographical variations.
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