Novel lead-free ferroelectric film by ultra-small Ba 0.8 Sr 0.2 TiO ₃ nanocubes assembled for a large electrocaloric effect

ceramics in terms of new collective ferroelectric properties, including superior and diffused permittivity constants and polarization-electric field loops. Benefiting from these unique ferroelectric properties, a giant ECE (9.1 K) over a broad temperature range (20 °C to 60 °C) is achieved, which is very large in the lead-free oxide film. Clearly, this bottom-up strategy provides a promising pathway for developing high electrocaloric effect devices.