ECG R-wave peaks marking with simultaneously recorded continuous blood pressure

Figures

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  Fig 1. Wrong R-wave peaks detection in a pacemaker pattern. (a) Determine pacemaker pulses as R-wave peaks; (b) Correct detection of R-wave peaks.

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  Fig 2. Determination of the time delay ‘differ’ between the corresponding peaks of the ECG and BP. (a) Illustration of the ‘differ’ between the ECG and continuous BP; (b) Cross-correlation function to determine the ‘differ’.

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  Fig 3. Overall block diagram for the proposed R-wave peak detection algorithm.

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  Fig 4. Flowchart of ECG detection.

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  Fig 5. ECG preprocessing procedure (preprocessing-ecg).

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  Fig 6. Flowchart for removing the pacemaker pulse.

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  Fig 7. Flowchart of BP detection.

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  Fig 8. BP preprocessing procedure (preprocessing-bp).

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  Fig 9. Different kinds of qualities on simultaneously recorded ECG and BP signals. (a) BP is not monitored; (b) (c) the BP waveform is better than the ECG waveform; (d) the ECG waveform is better.

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  Fig 10. Flow diagram for fusion.

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  Fig 11. Comparison of detecting R-wave peaks independently and with the help of the BP signal. (a) Marks of the ECG R-wave peaks, which were detected independently. (b) Official marks of the ECG peaks. (c) Marks of the ECG peaks using our proposed fusion algorithm. (d) Marks of the BP peaks by our proposed fusion algorithm.

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  Fig 12. Successfully detecting the R-wave peaks in different patterns using our proposed algorithm. (a) A record with noisy ECG signal; (b) A record with pacemaker; (c) A record with a sudden change of RR-intervals.