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The rational design and facile fabrication of visible-light responsive photocatalysts with excellent photocatalytic performance and photostability are still a great challenge for photocatalytic CO 2 reduction into solar fuels. Herein, novel Z-scheme composite photocatalysts composed of monoclinic or tetragonal BiVO 4 ( m -BiVO 4 or t -BiVO 4 ) nanochains, metallic Bi nanoparticles, and Cu 2 O nanosheets (Cu 2 O/Bi/BiVO 4 ) were successfully constructed by using a facile solvothermal method combined with a subsequent hydrothermal process. The characterization results revealed that the crystal phase of BiVO 4 and the content of Cu 2 O and metallic Bi in Cu 2 O/Bi/BiVO 4 can be easily manipulated by tuning the reaction conditions. Photoreduction experiments demonstrated that the Cu 2 O content and crystal phase of BiVO 4 had a great influence on the photocatalytic activity of Cu 2 O/Bi/BiVO 4 . The optimized Cu 2 O/Bi/ m -BiVO 4 exhibited significantly improved CH 4 /CO evolution rates of 1.8/8.4 μmol/(g·h) under visible-light irradiation, being much higher than those of Bi/ m -BiVO 4 0.32/1.9 μmol/(g·h) and Cu 2 O 0.12/1.0 μmol/(g·h). Moreover, Cu 2 O/Bi/ m -BiVO 4 also displayed much higher photocatalytic activity as compared to Cu 2 O/Bi/ t -BiVO 4 with a similar Cu 2 O content. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of Cu 2 O/Bi/ m -BiVO 4 was predominantly ascribed to the large surface area, enhanced harvesting capability of visible light, abundant oxygen vacancies, and improved charge separation efficiency as a result of the Z-scheme heterojunctions. In addition, a possible charge-transfer mechanism for Cu 2 O/Bi/ m -BiVO 4 with enhanced photocatalytic activity was also proposed.
Wang et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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