A mathematical model of secondary frost heave in freezing, gravelly soils is presented. This model is due to O’Neill and Miller [Water. Resour. Res., 21 (1985), pp. 281–296], who sought numerical solutions. Here, their model is made nondimensional and is analysed using asymptotic analysis. Based on the successive formation of ice lenses within the partially frozen fringe, a heave criterion for such soils is deduced.
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A. C. Fowler (1989) studied this question.
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