Fluorine ( 19 F) is a promising moiety for quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). It possesses comparable magnetic resonance (MR) sensitivity to proton ( 1 H) but exhibits no tissue background signal, allowing specific and selective assessment of the administrated 19 F‐containing compounds in vivo . Additionally, the MR spectra of 19 F‐containing compounds exhibited a wide range of chemical shifts (>200 ppm). Therefore, both MR parameters (e.g., spin–lattice relaxation rate R 1 ) and the absolute quantity of molecule can be determined with 19 F MRI for unbiased assessment of tissue physiology and pathology. This article reviews quantitative 19 F MRI applications for mapping tumor oxygenation, assessing molecular expression in vascular diseases, and tracking labeled stem cells. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2010 2 431–440 This article is categorized under: Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies
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