Photochemical iontronics with multitype ionic signal transmission at single pixel for self-driven color and tridimensional vision

Most electronics and iontronics are high-throughput limited due to using electron or single-type ions for signal transmission. To store information within ions, a mechanism for transmission and processing of multitype ionic signals is needed to achieve integrated bio-functional iontronics. Here, we introduce photochemical iontronics that leverages controlled different ion transport in nanoconfined channels and meticulously designed photochemical redox reactions to send high-throughput iontronic signals. All iontronic signals can be distinguished by cascaded photovoltages consistent with the Nernst equation (up to ∼22 V cm −2 ), providing tunable multiple non-volatile states for neuromorphic behaviors within the device based on light intensity and wavelength. Optical trichromatic-to-ionic information stored in a single-layer iontronic retinal array can be directly recognized without complex artificial neural networks, facilitating subsequent spatial 3D reconstruction. We expect that photochemical iontronics would be a potential candidate for future artificial intelligence applications based on ions.