Electrooxidation of urea at the ruthenium titanium oxide electrode

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Urea adsorbs on the ruthenium titanium oxide electrode, depressing the observed current. For artificial kidney dialysate concentrations of urea and NaCl (0.50 kg/m 3 and 100 mol/m 3 , respectively), the major electrolysis products are N 2 , CO 2 , O 2 , and H 2 , and the reaction mechanism is solution oxidation of urea by anodically generated active chlorine. A nitrogen‐yielding direct electrode reaction is observed at high urea concentration (30 kg/m 3 ) and low NaCl concentration (10–100 mol/m 3 ).