Effect of Diurnal Variation of Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate on Activation of Rapid Response System and Clinical Outcome in Hospitalized Children

Figures

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  Figure 3. Distribution of HR and RR by time period and RRS activation criteria by age. (A) HR distribution during daytime, (B) nighttime HR, (C) daytime RR, and (D) nighttime RR distribution. Blue dots indicate daytime (from 8:00 to 20:00) measurements, and red dots indicate nighttime (from 20:00 to 8:00 the next day) measurements. The solid black line represents the age-specific criteria for RRS activation [12], and the percentages represent the percentages of the measured values in each range. HR = heart rate, RR = respiratory rate, RRS = rapid response system.

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  Figure 1. Differences in measurements by age. (A) HR difference and (B) RR difference by age. The difference of each measurement was defined as the nighttime measurement minus the daytime measurement. Daytime was defined as 8:00 to 20:00, and nighttime was defined as 20:00 to 8:00 the next day. HR = heart rate, RR = respiratory rate.

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  Figure 2. Distribution of z-scores by age for heart rate and respiratory rate by time period. The z-score by age was calculated based on the distribution of heart rate and respiratory rate derived from an existing nationwide study [19]. Daytime was defined as 8:00 to 20:00, and nighttime was defined as 20:00 to 8:00 the next day. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for comparison by paired group. * Median (IQR), IQR = interquartile range, Q1 = 1st quartile, Q3 = 3rd quartile.