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Review explores quark polarization in nucleons, indicating new insights into particle interactions.
We review the current understanding of transversely polarized quarks inside longitudinally polarized nucleons from the perspective of the longi-transversity distribution function and transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization. Employing the recently developed TMD evolution formalism for the unpolarized and longi-transversity distribution functions, we present the theoretical formalism for the relevant physical observables, namely the ALLcos2ϕ asymmetry in the Drell–Yan process and the AULsin2ϕh asymmetry in the semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering process. The phenomenological results are presented numerically.
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Li et al. (2026) studied this question.
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