Carbon and Resource Footprints of Laying Hen Farms in San Jerónimo, Antioquia: An Ecological Assessment

The rapid expansion of fish farming has significantly contributed to global food security and economic development. However, this growth has also led to increased environmental concerns, including natural resource depletion, waste generation, and greenhouse gas emissions. In Colombia, aquaculture production has seen steady growth, with red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) accounting for 62% of total production. Despite this progress, approximately 65% of fish farming output is discarded as waste, often leading to environmental degradation due to improper disposal. A substantial portion of this waste, particularly fish viscera, is rich in macronutrients, presenting an opportunity for sustainable resource utilization. This study explores the potential of using fish processing byproducts, particularly viscera, as an alternative protein source for animal feed production. By repurposing waste into valuable raw materials, this approach not only mitigates environmental risks but also enhances the sustainability of the aquaculture industry. The findings underscore the importance of developing circular economy strategies in aquaculture, emphasizing waste valorization as a means to improve resource efficiency and reduce environmental impact