Present and Future Surgical Options for Tricuspid Regurgitation

Figures

• 

  Fig. 1.. Current indication for TR surgical intervention according to European and American guidelines [1, 2]. ESC, European Society of Cardiology; EACTS, European Association for Cardiothoracic Surgery; ACC/AHA, American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association; TR, tricuspid regurgitation; PTR, primary tricuspid regurgitation; RV, right ventricle; LV, left ventricle; STR, secondary tricuspid regurgitation; TA, tricuspid annular.

• 

  Fig. 2.. TR 5 stages classification. Adapted from Sala et al. [26]. IV, intravenous; RHF, right heart failure; RV, right ventricle; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.

• 

  Fig. 3.. Different approaches to treat STR. Modified from Chikwe et al. [43, 44]. STR, Secondary tricuspid regurgitation; FTR, functional tricuspid regurgitation; TR, tricuspid regurgitation.

• 

  Fig. 4.. Additional techniques for the treatment of isolated TR, which include intervention on the different components of the tricuspid valve, including the leaflets, chordal tendineae, papillary muscle and the commissures. Modified from Belluschi et al. [45]. TR, tricuspid regurgitation.

• 

  Fig. 5.. TRI-SCORE variables. Adapted from Dreyfus et al. [59]. LVEF, left ventricle ejection fraction; NYHA, New York Heart Association; RV, right ventricle; TV, Tricuspid valve.