Photovoltaic devices were fabricated by layer-by-layer polyelectrolyte deposition techniques using bisterpyridyl ruthenium(II) complex containing conjugated polymer as the polycation and sulfonated polyaniline as the polyanion. The maximum external quantum efficiencies of the devices were in the range of 1−2%, and the power conversion efficiency was on the order of 10-3% with the fill factor of 0.2.
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Man et al. (2004) studied this question.
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