Key result
Advanced chronic kidney disease was significantly associated with increased cognitive decline, affecting 30.2% of patients in stage 5 compared to 14.3% in stage 1.
Why the study?
Cognitive decline is a common but underdiagnosed complication of CKD, and the study investigates the association between CKD stages and cognitive decline.
Is increasing severity of chronic kidney disease associated with a higher prevalence of cognitive decline in adult patients?
Cross-Sectional (n=140)
No
Is increasing severity of chronic kidney disease associated with a higher prevalence of cognitive decline in adult patients?
Advanced stages of chronic kidney disease are significantly associated with a higher prevalence of cognitive decline, highlighting the need for early cognitive assessment and management in this population.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
CKD stage was associated with cognitive decline; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before clinical implications.
Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a gradual loss of kidney function characterized by reduced GFR or elevated albuminuria, with a global prevalence of 9.37% in 2019. Cognitive decline, a common but underdiagnosed complication of CKD, affects approximately 10% to 40% of patients depending on the stage and assessment method. This study investigates the association between CKD stages and cognitive decline. Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 140 CKD patients aged 18-65 years at Saveetha Medical College. Participants were selected based on confirmed CKD diagnosis, excluding those with prior mental illness or severe health issues. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Brief Cognitive Rating Scale (BCRS). Data collection included structured interviews and record analysis, analyzed using SPSS version 26. Results: Of the 140 participants, 40.7% were aged 51-65 years, and 57.9% were male. Cognitive decline was observed in 23.57% of patients, with 22.1% exhibiting mild and 1.4% severe impairment. A significant correlation between CKD stage and cognitive decline was found, with 30.2% of stage 5 patients affected compared to 14.3% in stage 1. These findings suggest a graded decline in cognitive function with increasing CKD severity. Discussion: CKD-related cognitive decline is associated with inflammation, uremic toxins, anemia, and oxidative stress. Advanced CKD stages notably increase the risk of cognitive impairment. Early intervention and comprehensive management, including controlling blood pressure and albuminuria, are crucial to mitigating cognitive deterioration in CKD patients. Trial Registration: The study was registered with the Institutional Ethical Committee (SMCH-IEC), Saveetha Medical college and Hospital: SMC/IEC/2023/06/041
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Reghunathan et al. (2024) conducted a cross-sectional in Chronic kidney disease (n=140). Advanced CKD stage (Stage 5) vs. Early CKD stage (Stage 1) was evaluated on Cognitive decline assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (p=Significant). Advanced chronic kidney disease was significantly associated with increased cognitive decline, affecting 30.2% of patients in stage 5 compared to 14.3% in stage 1.
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