Difficulties in diagnosing polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescents: a narrative review

Introduction Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive women1, with an estimated prevalence of 6% to 10%2 to 18%3. It has complex genetic and environmental aetiologies4. Diagnosing PCOS is difficult because it has a broad spectrum of presentation, which is further complicated in adolescents, as the symptoms may mimic normal pubertal events5. PCOS is associated with subfertility, increased risk of endometrial pathology and metabolic diseases, emotional disturbances, and hirsute features resulting from excessive androgen.1 Early diagnosis is crucial to optimise care and health outcomes.