Two dimensional finite elements were used to study boundary effects in plain weave composite specimens subjected to extension, shear, and flexure laods. Effective extension, shear, and flexural moduli were found to be quite sensitive to specimen size. For extension and flexure loads stress distributions were affected by a free surface, but the free surface boundary effect did not appear to propagate very far into the interior. For shear load the boundary effect appeared to propagate much further into the interior.
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Whitcomb et al. (1995) studied this question.
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