Holographic photopolymerization is a flexible, simple, one-step technique to create defect-free, sub-micrometer patterns of particles over large dimensions. These permanent structures can be formed in a matter of seconds. The resulting Bragg gratings exhibit substantial diffraction efficiencies. The Figure shows a cross-sectional fracture surface of a transmission grating formed using clay powder.
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Vaia et al. (2001) studied this question.