Green Fabricated Silver Nanoparticles Using Fruit Extract of Sacred Fig: Approaches and Its Multidisciplinary Applications

Nanotechnology has emerged as a powerful tool in material sciences, with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) gaining particular attention due to their unique physicochemical properties and broad applications. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized through a green, eco‐friendly pathway using the fruit extract of Ficus religiosa (Sacred fig) as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The nanoparticles (FR‐AgNPs) were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, XRD, and SEM‐EDAX, confirming their successful formation, stability, and morphology. The FR‐AgNPs demonstrated strong antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive ( Escherichia coli ) and Gram‐negative ( Salmonella typhi ) bacteria, as well as antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger . Their sensing potential was evident in the selective detection of toxic Hg 2 + ions, verified through UV–vis analysis and visible color changes, while their photocatalytic ability was established by the degradation of methylene blue dye under direct sunlight. These multifunctional properties underline their potential as efficient nano‐adsorbents for heavy metal remediation, effective antimicrobial agents, and sustainable photocatalysts for dye degradation. In the current scenario of escalating environmental pollution and rising antibiotic resistance, the eco‐friendly synthesis of FR‐AgNPs offers a cost‐effective and sustainable approach for wastewater treatment, environmental remediation, and biomedical applications, aligning with global efforts to achieve clean water and sanitation (SDG‐6)