The majority of cases of urinary-tract infection are associated with structural or functional abnormalities of the genitourinary system. Diagnosis of bacteriuria is best made by microscopic examination of the urine. Appropriate treatment of a child with urinary-tract infection involves, first, complete urological examination, including pyelography, cystometry, urethral calibration, voiding cystourethrography, cystoscopy and urethroscopy; second, correction of any functional or structural abnormality present; and, finally, institution of an effective antibacterial regimen.
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J. Lapides (1966) studied this question.