Case Report: An Unusual Chest Wall Tumor Revealing Extrapulmonary Thoracic Actinomycosis in a Child

Actinomycosis is a granulomatous, suppurativebacterial condition caused by Actinomycesisraelii.The thoracic localization is rare it can simulate a neoplastic pathology or tuberculosis. We report one case of unusual presentation a 9-year-old girl. Admitted for the appearance of inflammatory pain of the right shoulder evolving for 6 months in a febrile context, marked by the appearance of a dorsal tumefaction. Radiological examination showed an osteolytic tissue mass of the lateral chest wall with pulmonary nodules and mediastinal lymphadenopathy. An Anatomopathological examination of the biopsy of the dorsal mass showed a histiocytic inflammatory reaction around grains of actinomycosis, allowing the diagnosis of thoracic-pulmonary actinomycosis. The patient was then put on antibiotic treatment with a good evolution. Thoracic actinomycosis is a rare infectious pathology, it can be radiologically divided into the chest wall involvement type, parenchymal type, the airway type including bronchiectasis, and the endobronchial form. The clinico-radiologicalpictureismisleading and maysimulate a tumoral or tubercular pathology, hence the need to repeat biopsies in search of characteristics of actinomyce.