In unbalanced, nonlinear polyphase power systems, the apparent power can be measured using a definition given by F. Buchholz (1922) and explained by W.M. Goodhue (1933). This apparent power is based on a practical approach that allows the evaluation of power components that affect unbalance, line losses, current distortion and power factors.
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A.E. Emanuel (1998) studied this question.
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