Climate change is the variation of weather pattern among their environmental conditions occurs a particular specified period all over the world. This study covers the groundwater fluctuation with various climatological factors for the Thanjavur district Tamil Nadu. The climatological data like daily rainfall, daily temperature and Groundwater level were collected from statistical data center Tharamani, Chennai for 20 years (1999–2018). The El – Nino and LA – Nina occurrences were collected from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) center. Based on the collected data the runoff is estimated by using Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR) method. The Evapo-Transpiration (ET) is calculated from Blaney – Criddle Equation. From this evaluation the atmospheric temperature is increased in recent years, this mainly due to change in El – Nino and LA – Nina occurrence pattern. The study area receives 50% of rainfall during North East monsoon season and highest annual average rainfall noted in Papanasam Taluk, Tamilnadu, India. The highest runoff is estimated in November month because of low atmospheric temperature and high soil moisture content. The ET value increased in recent years, mainly reduction in land cover and urbanization. The highest groundwater fluctuation occurs during 2013 to 2015 is mainly due to increasing in the Oceanic Nino Index value (ONI). The future Groundwater Fluctuation is identified based on ONI value is predicated by statistical analysis.
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N. Ilavarasan (2022) studied this question.
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