Papers involving factorial methods appearing in current literature often misuse factorial methods. These meaningless results are reached because of neglect of certain conditions basic to factor theory. The conditions are: (1) The number of basic factors must be smaller than the number of tests . (2) The diagonals of the correlation matrix must be regarded as unknown . (3) The axes must be rotated into a simple configuration . (4) Each factor must be overdetermined by appearance in several tests . (5) Tests should have simple factorial composition .
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L. L. Thurstone (1937) studied this question.