Epidemiology of food allergy

Food allergies are associated with considerable psychosocial stress and restrictions in quality of life. While parents often report food allergies in their children, studies show that the perceived prevalence is often higher than the actual diagnosed prevalence. Epidemiological studies show an increasing prevalence worldwide, with significant regional differences. In Europe, self-reported prevalence varies widely, from less than 1% to over 10%, depending on region, age and foods analysed. In North America and Northern Europe, peanut and egg allergies are more common, while shellfish and fish allergies dominate in Asia. Environmental factors, ethnicity, genetic predisposition, dietary habits and socioeconomic conditions play a significant role in the development and distribution of food allergies. These factors must be taken into account when developing prevention and treatment strategies.