A growth and expansion strategy: A Ni/P(p-tol)3-catalyzed cycloaddition of 1,3-dienes with 3-azetidinones and 3-oxetanones produced eight-membered heterocycles with a variety of substituents (see scheme; Boc=tert-butoxycarbonyl). The synthesis of the reduced azocine and oxocine derivatives involved the challenging steps of C(sp2)C(sp3) bond activation and C(sp3)C(sp3) reductive elimination.
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Thakur et al. (2013) studied this question.
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