Do Pedometers Increase Physical Activity in Sedentary Older Women? A Randomized Controlled Trial

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of a behavior change intervention (BCI) with or without a pedometer in increasing physical activity in sedentary older women. DESIGN: Prospective randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Primary care, City of Dundee, Scotland. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred four sedentary women aged 70 and older. INTERVENTIONS: Six months of BCI, BCI plus pedometer (pedometer plus), or usual care. PRIMARY OUTCOME: change in daily activity counts measured by accelerometry. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Short Physical Performance Battery, health-related quality of life, depression and anxiety, falls, and National Health Service resource use. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-nine of 204 (88%) women completed the 6-month trial. Withdrawals were highest from the BCI group (15/68) followed by the pedometer plus group (8/68) and then the control group (2/64). After adjustment for baseline differences, accelerometry counts increased significantly more in the BCI group at 3 months than in the control group (P = .002) and the pedometer plus group (P = .04). By 6 months, accelerometry counts in both intervention groups had fallen to levels that were no longer statistically significantly different from baseline. There were no significant changes in the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: The BCI was effective in objectively increasing physical activity in sedentary older women. Provision of a pedometer yielded no additional benefit in physical activity, but may have motivated participants to remain in the trial.