A review of the use of robotic surgery in gynaecology with practical applications

Robotic surgery has revolutionized minimally invasive procedures, particularly in gynaecology, offering enhanced precision, dexterity, and improved patient outcomes. Since the FDA approval of the da Vinci system in 2000 for gynaecological applications, robotic-assisted techniques have expanded across oncological and benign gynaecological procedures. This review explores the evolution, setup, and applications of robotic surgery in gynaecology, including its role in endometrial and cervical cancer staging, ovarian cancer, urogynaecology, and complex benign conditions such as endometriosis. Despite advantages such as reduced blood loss, shorter hospital stays, and improved surgical ergonomics, robotic surgery faces challenges, including high costs, prolonged setup, and a steep learning curve. Technological advancements, including artificial intelligence integration and improved instrumentation, may enhance accessibility and efficiency. Future research should focus on cost-effectiveness and long-term patient outcomes to establish robotic surgery's role in standard gynaecological practice. Training initiatives are essential to ensure widespread adoption and optimal utilization of robotic platforms.