Elite cliques: Palladium clusters with three and four atoms were found to be the catalytically active species for ligand-free palladium-catalyzed CC bond-forming reactions. These palladium cluster species could be stabilized in water and stored for long periods of time for use on demand with no loss of activity. High yields of products and turnover frequencies (TOFs) of up to 10(5) h(-1) were observed.
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Leyva‐Pérez et al. (2013) studied this question.
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