This paper investigates the relationship between the in-migration and out-migration of employed persons to and from specific metropolitan areas. Utilizing data from the 1960 Census of Population, it presents evidence that this relationship is close, that is, that areas gaining large (or small) numbers of employed persons through migration tend also to lose large (or small) numbers this way, whether the gain and loss are measured on a relative or an absolute basis. Moreover, the correlation between the two flows remains high whether one examines the data for all employed persons in combination, or breaks the employed total down into its specific color-sex and major occupation group components.
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Ann Ratner Miller (1967) studied this question.