We discuss mode conversion and splitting in multimode waveguides based on Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory. The design of mode converters/splitters using the dynamical invariant is discussed. Closed form expressions for the modal power at the output for converter/splitter design are derived. Various design approaches are discussed and assessed by beam propagation simulations. We show that the invariant-based engineering scheme reduces device length as compared to the common adiabatic scheme.
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Chien et al. (2013) studied this question.
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