Effects of NO‐Generating Compounds on Synaptosomal Energy Metabolism

The effects of nitroprusside and S-nitrosocysteine, compounds that generate nitric oxide (NO), on synaptosomal energy-producing pathways and energy level were investigated. The decrease in respiration was much faster and more pronounced with S-nitrosocysteine than with nitroprusside. S-Nitrosocysteine, at 10 microM, inhibited by 80% respiration with glucose and succinate (plus rotenone) in intact synaptosomes and with ascorbate/cytochrome c in broken preparations. Oxygenated hemoglobin reversed and/or prevented the inhibition, whereas glutathione (GSH) prolonged it. Under aerobic conditions, the synaptosomal energy level (creatine phosphate/creatine and ATP/ADP ratios) was reduced by the presence of S-nitrosocysteine, whereas lactate generation was enhanced. The effects on energy parameters were greater at 5 min than at 15 min of incubation and were more pronounced in the presence of GSH. Under strictly anaerobic conditions, lactate production was reduced by the NO-generating compounds in a concentration-dependent manner. It is concluded that (a) inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by NO leads to a fall in the synaptosomal energy level, which in turn stimulates glycolysis; (b) glycolysis can be inhibited by higher concentrations of the radical; and (c) inhibitory effects on the energy-generating pathway and ATP level could contribute to NO toxicity under some in vivo situations.