Why the study?
Does bailout intravenous esmolol improve heart rate control in patients undergoing CCTA who fail to achieve target heart rate with oral metoprolol?
Does bailout intravenous esmolol improve heart rate control in patients undergoing CCTA who fail to achieve target heart rate with oral metoprolol?
The on-demand administration of intravenous esmolol is a safe and effective bailout strategy that enables 95% of patients to achieve target heart rates for CCTA when oral metoprolol is insufficient.
Bailout IV esmolol after oral metoprolol may raise CCTA success rates to 95% with low adverse events; leaves open need for randomized trials before practice change.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a heart rate (HR) reduction protocol using intravenous esmolol as bailout for failed oral metoprolol regimens in patients undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) with 64-slice multidetector computed tomography (64-MDCT). Patients who underwent cardiac 64-MDCT in a single institution between 2011 and 2014 were analyzed. Those with HR above 60 beats per minute (bpm) on presentation received oral metoprolol (50-200 mg) at least one hour before CCTA. Intravenous esmolol 1-2 mg/kg was administered as a bolus whenever HR remained over 65 bpm just before imaging. The primary efficacy endpoint was HR <65 bpm during CCTA. The primary safety endpoint was symptomatic hypotension or bradycardia up to hospital discharge. During the study period CCTA was performed in 947 cases. In 86% of these, oral metoprolol was the only medication required to successfully reduce HR <60 bpm. Esmolol was used in the remaining 130 patients (14%). For esmolol-treated patients mean baseline and acquisition HR were 74±14 bpm and 63±9 bpm, respectively (p<0.001). The target HR of <65 bpm was achieved in 82 of the 130 esmolol-treated patients (63%). Considering the whole population, esmolol use led to a significant increase in the primary efficacy endpoint from 86% to 95% (p<0.001). Esmolol also resulted in a statistically, but not clinically, significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (144±22 to 115±17 mmHg; p<0.001). The combined primary safety endpoint was only observed in two (1.5%) patients. Despite optimal use of oral beta-blockers, 14% of patients needed intravenous esmolol for HR control. The pre-medication combination of oral metoprolol and on-demand administration of intravenous esmolol was safe and effective and enabled 95% of patients to be imaged with HR below 65 bpm. Avaliar a eficácia e segurança de um protocolo de redução de frequência cardíaca (FC) utilizando esmolol endovenoso após falência de metoprolol oral, em doentes submetidos a angiografia coronária por tomografia computorizada (CCTA) de 64 cortes. De 2011 a 2014 foram avaliados os indivíduos submetidos a CCTA num único centro. Os indivíduos com FC >60 bpm à admissão receberam 50-200 mg de metoprolol oral pelo menos uma hora antes da CCTA. Esmolol endovenoso em bólus (1-2 mg/kg) foi administrado se FC >65 bpm imediatamente antes da aquisição de imagem. O endpoint primário de eficácia foi FC <65 bpm durante a aquisição de imagem com contraste. O endpoint primário de segurança foi hipotensão ou bradicardia sintomática durante a permanência no hospital. Foram efetuadas 947 CCTA durante o período de estudo. Em 86% dos casos, metoprolol oral foi o único fármaco utilizado. Foi necessária a administração de esmolol em 130 (14%) doentes. Nos doentes que receberam esmolol, a FC basal reduziu em média de 74±14 bpm para 63±9 bpm (p<0,001). O objetivo primário de FC <65 bpm foi alcançado em 82 desses 130 doentes (63%). Considerando toda a população, o recurso a esmolol permitiu um aumento significativo da proporção de CCTA realizados com FC <65 bpm (86% para 95% [p<0,001]). A administração de esmolol esteve associada a redução estatisticamente, mas não clinicamente, significativa da pressão arterial sistólica (144±22 para 115±17 mmHg; p<0,001). O endpoint combinado de segurança foi observado em dois (1,5%) dos doentes. Apesar da utilização sistemática de betabloqueante oral, 14% dos casos necessitaram de esmolol endovenoso para controlo adequado de FC. Pré-medicação combinada de metoprolol oral e esmolol endovenoso quando necessária foi segura e eficaz, e permitiu que 95% dos doentes apresentassem FC <65 bpm no momento da aquisição de imagem.
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Rosa et al. (2016) studied this question.
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