The direct relationship between the total oxygen content of the steel or the slag composition and the rate of surface defects on the final products has been clearly established by many previous studies. The paper describes the appropriate process parameters to prevent the re-oxidation of the molten steel and clogging of the submerged entry nozzles, two essential factors to meet the product cleanness requirements: quantification of re-oxidation, control of re-oxidation by slags, air or refractories, control of Ar injection, mechanisms and ways to reduce CC nozzle clogging.
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Nadif et al. (2007) studied this question.
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